Adapted from Table I — techniques that improve at most 2 of {Storage, Latency, Traffic} at the expense of others
[67][70] Probabilistic tracking. Saves storage but false-positive invalidations + longer lookup/eviction.
[8][41] Region-level tracking. Saves traffic when lines in same region share similarly. Extra region hw.
[12][14][66] Coh. tracked at granularities coarser than cache line. Saves storage+traffic, adds latency.
[16] Cuckoo-hash-based organization. Smaller size for same entries, but insertion latency increases.
[13][15][28][31][61] HW within nodes, OS page-level across nodes. Saves storage, OS invocations cost.
[10][29][57] WayPoint, ZeroDEV, TinyDir. Dir entries overflow into LLC. Saves storage, less LLC capacity.
[11][50][51] Direct node-to-node, bypass home indirection. Reduces latency+traffic, needs metadata.
[26] VTC — hw-assisted multicast via virtual trees in routers. Saves latency+traffic, extra router hw.
[24][46] PATCH, Push Multicast — predict TX patterns. Reduces latency, hw cost for recording.
[33] ACKwise — records N sharers, expects N ACKs after broadcast. Saves storage, no silent eviction.
[45] Dvé — duplicates dir+memory for fault tolerance. Less latency (closer copy), doubles storage.
TLH + Dynamic Apport. + SetOverflow — simultaneously addresses all three dimensions.
Every prior technique improves at most 2/3 dimensions. Dorado is the first to address all three simultaneously.